Fermentation, barrel - Fermentation of wine that takes place in casks, preferably made of oak. White wines take on a characteristic smoky aroma through this process.

Fermentation, malolactic - Process generated by bacteria that cause the transformation of the wine’s malic acid into lactic acid. Usually the process occurs spontaneously several weeks or months after the first fermentation.

Flowering - Stage in the vine’s development when the flowers bloom.

Foliation - The stage in the vine’s life cycle when the leaves sprout. Also called budding.

Free running - Process through which the skin is separated from the must by draining the crushed grapes, so that the liquid falls and the solid residues remain.